Our Lady of Guadalupe - Guadalupe, Mexico (1531)
Patroness of the Americas
Feast Day in the USA - December 12th
The opening of the New World brought with it both fortune-seekers and religious preachers desiring to convert the native populations to the Christian
faith. One of the converts was a poor Aztec Indian named Juan Diego. On
one of his trips to the chapel, Juan was walking through the Tepayac hill
country in central Mexico. Near Tepayac Hill he encountered a beautiful
woman surrounded by a ball of light as bright as the sun. Speaking in
his native tongue, the beautiful lady identified herself:
"My dear little son, I love you. I desire you to know who I am.
I am the ever-virgin Mary, Mother of the true God who gives life and maintains
its existence. He created all things. He is in all places. He is Lord
of Heaven and Earth. I desire a church in this place where your people
may experience my compassion. All those who sincerely ask my help in their
work and in their sorrows will know my Mother's Heart in this place. Here
I will see their tears; I will console them and they will be at peace.
So run now to Tenochtitlan and tell the Bishop all that you have seen
and heard."
Juan, age 57, and who had never been to Tenochtitlan, nonetheless immediately
responded to Mary's request. He went to the palace of the Bishop-elect
Fray Juan de Zumarraga and requested to meet immediately with the bishop.
The bishop's servants, who were suspicious of the rural peasant, kept
him waiting for hours. The bishop-elect told Juan that he would consider
the request of the Lady and told him he could visit him again if he so
desired. Juan was disappointed by the bishop's response and felt himself
unworthy to persuade someone as important as a bishop. He returned to
the hill where he had first met Mary and found her there waiting for him.
Imploring her to send someone else, she responded:
"My little son, there are many I could send. But you are the one
I have chosen."
She then told him to return the next day to the bishop and repeat the
request. On Sunday, after again waiting for hours, Juan met with the bishop
who, on re-hearing his story, asked him to ask the Lady to provide a sign
as a proof of who she was. Juan dutifully returned to the hill and told
Mary, who was again waiting for him there, of the bishop's request. Mary
responded:
"My little son, am I not your Mother? Do not fear. The Bishop shall
have his sign. Come back to this place tomorrow. Only peace, my little
son."
Unfortunately, Juan was not able to return to the hill the next day. His
uncle had become mortally ill and Juan stayed with him to care for him.
After two days, with his uncle near death, Juan left his side to find
a priest. Juan had to pass Tepayac Hill to get to the priest. As he was
passing, he found Mary waiting for him. She spoke: "Do not be distressed, my littlest son. Am I not here with you who
am your Mother? Are you not under my shadow and protection? Your uncle
will not die at this time. There is no reason for you to engage a priest,
for his health is restored at this moment. He is quite well. Go to the
top of the hill and cut the flowers that are growing there. Bring them
then to me."
While it was freezing on the hillside, Juan obeyed Mary's instructions
and went to the top of the hill where he found a full bloom of Castilian
roses. Removing his tilma, a poncho-like cape made of cactus fiber, he
cut the roses and carried them back to Mary. She rearranged the roses
and told him: "My little son, this is the sign I am sending to the Bishop. Tell
him that with this sign I request his greatest efforts to complete the
church I desire in this place. Show these flowers to no one else but the
Bishop. You are my trusted ambassador. This time the Bishop will believe
all you tell him."
At the palace, Juan once again came before the bishop and several of his advisers. He told the bishop his story and opened the tilma letting the
flowers fall out. But it wasn't the beautiful roses that caused the bishop
and his advisers to fall to their knees; for there, on the tilma, was
a picture of the Blessed Virgin Mary precisely as Juan had described her.
The next day, after showing the Tilma at the Cathedral, Juan took the
bishop to the spot where he first met Mary. He then returned to his village
where he met his uncle who was completely cured. His uncle told him he
had met a young woman, surrounded by a soft light, who told him that she
had just sent his nephew to Tenochtitlan with a picture of herself. She
told his uncle: "Call me and call my image Santa Maria de Guadalupe".
It's believed that the word Guadalupe was actually a Spanish mis-translation
of the local Aztec dialect. The word that Mary probably used was Coatlallope
which means "one who treads on snakes"! Within six years of
this apparition, six million Aztecs had converted to Catholicism. The
tilma shows Mary as the God-bearer - she is pregnant with her Divine Son.
Since the time the tilma was first impressed with a picture of the Mother
of God, it has been subject to a variety of environmental hazards including
smoke from fires and candles, water from floods and torrential downpours
and, in 1921, a bomb which was planted by anti-clerical forces on an altar
under it. There was also a cast-iron cross next to the tilma and when
the bomb exploded, the cross was twisted out of shape, the marble altar
rail was heavily damaged and the tilma was ... untouched! Indeed, no one
was injured in the Church despite the damage that occurred to a lae
part of the altar structure.
In 1977, the tilma was examined using infrared photography and digital enhancement techniques. Unlike any painting, the tilma shows no sketching or any sign of outline drawn to permit an artist to produce a painting. Further, the very method used to create the image is still unknown. The image is inexplicable in its longevity and method of production. It can be seen today in a large cathedral built to house up to ten thousand worshipers. It is, by far, the most popular religious pilgrimage site in the Western Hemisphere.
