The Holy See’s decision to remove the titles have caused an uproar and will have repercussions that stretch further than Peru’s academic environment.
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| The Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in Lima (© PUCP) |
The moment of truth has come. The Holy See is to remove the titles “Pontifical” and “Catholic” from
the name of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). The
controversial and unprecedented decision should be communicated Saturday
21 July if no last minute surprises. The Vatican had no other choice
after years of disobedience from an institution which no longer seems to
answer to the Holy See.
The affair is very delicate and this is why the two
parties are trying to protect their own interests before the official
announcement is made tomorrow. The decision has been made and will be
communicated by means of a decree, accompanied by a letter addressed to
the university rector Marcial Rubio. In these two texts the Holy See
will declare that it no longer recognises the university’s current
structure because it is failing to engage in the original mission. One
thing will not change however: the Apostolic See will state that the
university will retain its rights in relation to the structure.
This situation is the result of a 40 year old feud.
Many years have passed since the former rector and Jesuit priest Felipe
Max Gregor guaranteed, in 1968, that the university would never stop
being Catholic. The following decades were decisive in turning it into
the exact opposite: an institution that is independent from the Church
and whose teachings go against the Magisterium of the Catholic Church
for the sake of the university’s freedom.
This process led to a number of civil trials
being held between the university and Archdiocese of Lima, the
legitimate executor, because its heads had taken the liberty to act in
areas they were not authorised to act in. A notable example is the case
of the assets inherited by the scholar José de la Riva Agüero y Osma in the 1940’s. The PUCP suffered a number of defeats in this case.
The directors never agreed to answer to the Archbishop of Lima Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, who
according to the statute is the great chancellor. Not only did they
rebel against the cardinal but ignored all warnings sent from Rome.
The Vatican asked, in all the ways it could, for the
university’s internal statutes to be modified and brought in line with
the Apostolic Constitution “Ex Corde
Ecclesiae” written by John Paul II in 1990 and binding for all Catholic
academic institutions in the world. But the response was always
negative.
This is why the Roman Curia had to intervene
through the Congregation for Catholic Education, which in 2011 sent a
letter to rector Rubio, outlining all the modifications that needed to
be made to the statutes. But the University Assembly refused to act on
the Vatican exhortation. And so the Vatican Secretariat of State got
involved in the affair via its office for internal and external
policies. It ordered an apostolic visit, an audit and an effort to try
to reach an agreement between all parties, with all actions carried
forward by the Hungarian cardinal Peter Erdö. But without success.
The result was that the Holy See lost its patience
and set a deadline for last 8 April. The university was required to hand
over its new statutes by this date, but failed to do so. This act of
rebellion will now end in the worst way possible: with the Holy See’s
drastic but inevitable decision to cancel the university’s titles for
the first time in history.
The Apostolic See has the complete authority to do
so because the Church has always considered the educational structure
to be its property. Both canonical and Peruvian law recognises this
fact. In order to ensure its decision is respected, Rome can appeal to
the agreement in place between the Vatican and Peru. If it were to do so
a never-ending conflict would break out. If the government does not
recognise the prerogatives of this agreement, it could cause a serious
diplomatic incident.
The situation has reached breaking point and
students could bear the consequences. Because amongst other things, the
Church hierarchy would ask the National Assembly of Rectors to forbid
the PUCP from giving out degree titles in its name. In the meantime, the
Archdiocese of Lima will have to found another university that really
is Catholic.
